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Roche Abbey is a now-ruined abbey in the fields in the south of the civil parish of Maltby, South Yorkshire, England. It is in a headwater valley (alongside Maltby Dyke known locally as Maltby Beck) and King's Wood, which is, equally, owned by architectural preservation charity English Heritage. ==Early history== The abbey was founded in 1147 when the stone buildings〔One of the most valuable assets of Roche Abbey was the extraordinary quarry controlled by the Abbey itself. The stone quarried there was so sought-after that it was used in the "groined roof of King's College chapel, Cambridge," according to Samuel Lewis in his 1848 ''A Topographical Dictionary of England''.()〕 were raised on the north side of the beck. The co-founders of Roche were Richard de Busli, likely the great-nephew〔(Miscellanea Genealogica Et Heraldica: Fourth Series, W. Bruce Bannerman (ed.), Mitchell, Huges and Clark, London, 1910 )〕 of the first Roger de Busli, the Norman magnate builder of Tickhill Castle, and Richard FitzTurgis.〔(FitzTurgis of Roche Abbey ) 〕 When the monks first arrived in South Yorkshire from Newminster Abbey in Northumberland, they chose the most suitable side of the stream that runs through the valley, on which to build their new Cistercian monastery. Twenty-five years later, at the end of the century, the Norman Gothic great church had been finished, as well as most of the other buildings. The control of the abbey was vested in the de Vesci family, lords of Rotherham, who in turn subfeuded the land to Richard FitzTurgis, lord of Wickersley (and who took Wickersley as his surname).〔(Family of FitzTurgis, later Wickersley, Rotherhamgov.uk )〕 From the start, the Abbey of Roche, built for the so-called White Monks, as the Cistercians were known, had an almost otherworldly air. It was, after all, built at the northern end of an area once covered by Sherwood Forest, and it was said that Robin Hood went to Mass here. (A diocesan pilgrimage is still made today on Trinity Sunday.)〔(The Marvel of the Monasteries, History of Hallam Diocese, The Catholic Diocese of Hallam, hallam-diocese.com )〕 Eventually, on co-founder FitzTurgis'〔One of the earliest appearances of the FitzTurgis name is on a York charter of 1194 which refers to "Turgis, son of Turgis.' () The name Turgis is Norman and its origin is the Old Norse ''Þórgísl'' (''Thorgisl'' "hostage of Thor"). The name FitzTurgis means, when translated, son of (''fils de'' in French) Turgis (still common as a Norman surname nowadays Turgis () and Tourgis (), and in place-names such as Tourgéville (Calvados). Both FitzTurgis and de Busli have been described by one historian as 'two members of the lesser baronage'. The name FitzTurgis was later Anglicised to Sturgis / Sturges and its variants.〕 death, control of the abbey passed to his son Roger, now 'de Wickersley,'〔(de Wickersley of Broomhall and Wickersley, wickersleyweb.co.uk )〕 and then eventually to a granddaughter Constantia, who married William de Livet (Levett), a family of Norman origin who were lords of the nearby village of Hooton Levitt (or Levett). The abbey continued in the Levett family until 1377, when John Levett of Hooton Levitt sold his rights in the abbey to the London merchant Richard Barry.〔(The Abbey of Roche, Houses of Cistercian Monks, A History of the County of York: Volume 3, Victoria County History, William Page (ed.), pp. 153–156, 1974, British History Online )〕 By the time of the dissolution full control of Roche Abbey was held by Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland, who came in for numerous grants at the Dissolution as he was married to the niece of King Henry VIII.〔(James Hobson Aveling ''The History of Roche Abbey, from its Foundation to its Dissolution'' 1870 )〕〔Although the Levett family had disposed of their patronage of Roche Abbey by sale to a London merchant in the fourteenth century, a lawsuit was filed in 1534 by 'William Levet v. Henry, Abbot of Roche.' A photograph of the original court roll held in the O'Quinn Law Library at the University of Houston: ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roche Abbey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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